links

History of Arc Welding


History of Arc Welding . Electric arc was first described by Davy in England in the year 1809, but the beginning of arc welding could become possible only with the improvements in electric dynamos or generators between 1877 and 1880. Auguste de Meritens established arc welding process in 1881 which was applied to join certain components of electrical storage batteries.

The joining of metals, using a carbon arc was suggested by Moissan (a Frenchman) in 1881, but it was only between 1885 and 1887 when, in Russia, Bernardos and Olszewski got patented and used single carbon arc welding for joining metals. In 1889 Zerener processed an idea, which aided later on to develop Twin Carbon arc welding.

In 1892, in Germany, N.G. Slavianoff proposed the use of bare wire metallic electrodes for joining metals. The arc being unshielded in this case, satisfactory welds could not be produced. In 1907, in Sweden, Oscar Kjellberg got a patent for covered electrodes. The coating which he employed contained only arc stabilizing materials, and thus a good welded joint was not obtained.

In 1912, in USA Strohmenger obtained another patent on covered electrodes and the first good welded joint was produced. Strohmenger used a coating of blue asbestos with sodium silicate as a binder. Since then a lot of changes and developments have occurred as regards the constituents of flux coating and core wire compositions. Covered electrodes were commercialized in the year 1929.


Arc and molten pool shielding, with an inert gas (CO<sub>2</sub>) was advented by Alexander in USA in the year 1928 and the patent for TIG welding was received by Hobart and Devers in 1930 in USA. First gas tungsten arc spot welding torch based upon TIG welding was introduced around 1946.
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding came out in 1948 as a result of further researches and developments carried out on Covered Electrode Metal Arc and Tungsten Inert Gas welding processes. The credit for submerged arc welding goes to Kennedy, Rodermund and Jones (1935) of USA.
The atomic hydrogen welding was developed on the basis of the research carried out by Langmuir (1921, USA) on the dissociation of diatomic molecule in electric arc. Stud welding was found by Martin in 1918 and was used in British (Royal) Navy. Round about 1938:


Nelsen rediscovered this process in USA and in about 1958 Vanden Blink and others suggested the use of fusible collar in stud welding.Electroslag welding is a further development of Submerged arc welding and it came to appearance round about 1953 in Russia:

Plasma arc welding is a step ahead of TIG welding. It was developed in U.S.A. in the year 1953. Plasma cutting was used in 195: and satisfactory plasma spraying and plasma welding were carried out in 1960 and 1963 respectively

Comments

Post a Comment

Ads

Popular posts from this blog

Penetrant Testing (PT)

Image
Penetrant Testing (PT) In general terms, penetrant testing reveals surface discontinuities by the bleedout of a penetrating medium against a contrasting colored background. This is accomplished by applying a penetrant (usually liquid) to the cleaned surface of the test piece. Once this penetrant is allowed to remain on the surface for a prescribed time (dwell time), it will be drawn into any surface opening by capillary action. Subsequent removal of excess penetrant and application of a developer draws remaining penetrant from discontinuities.  The resultant indications are shown in high contrast and magnify the presence of the discontinuity so it can be visually interpreted. There are two primary ways in which penetrant materials are grouped: specifically, the type of indication produced, and the method of excess penetrant removal.  The two penetrant indications are visible and fluorescent.  The visible dye (usually red) produces a vivid red indi...
Read more

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

Image
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) This particular nondestructive test method is used primarily to discover surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials.  While indications can be observed from subsurface discontinuities very near the surface, they are very difficult to interpret, and often require testing by other methods.  Other NDE techniques are usually required for subsurface discontinuity detection and interpretation.  However, surface discontinuities present in a magnetized part will cause the applied magnetic field to create “poles” of opposite sign on either side of the discontinuity, creating a very attractive force for iron particles.  If iron particles, which are “magnetic particles” since they can become magnetized, are spnnkled on this surface, they will be held in place by this attractive field to produce an accumulation of iron particles and a visual indication of the discontinuity. While several different types of magnetic parti...
Read more

Nondestructive Testing (NDT)

Nondestructive Testing (NDT) One of the purposes of an effective quality control program is to determine the suitability of a given base metal or a weld to perform its intended service. One way to judge that suitability is to subject the base metal or weld to destructive tests which would provide information about the performance of that test object. The major disadvantage of such an approach is that, as the name implies, the test object is destroyed in the process. Therefore, a number of tests have been developed to provide an indication of the acceptability of the test object without rendering it unusable for service. These various tests are referred to as nandestructìve tests, because they permit the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of the metal or component. Even the destructive testing of a given percentage of parts can be expensive and assumes that the untested parts are of the same quality as those tested. Nondestructive tests yield indirect, yet still valid, results...
Read more